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November 12, 2007

The Deep Roots of Mexican Migration

Álvaro Vargas Llosa visits with the grandson of Emiliano Zapata and sees the deep roots of Mexican migration in a revolution turned corrupt and in the history of a family:

. . . What has been the consequence of a century of collectivization of the land? In the 1990s, when trade policies became more liberal, Mexico's rural population found itself caught up in an extremely inefficient system that was undercapitalized, making it very difficult for Mexican peasants to compete with the outside world. When the government finally allowed the villagers to sell the ejidos, something they had been prevented from doing since 1917, many of them put their land on the market and left for Mexico's cities. When the urban areas did not offer improved conditions, they migrated to the United States. "If my grandfather came back," ponders Emiliano, "he would die of sadness." . . .

Mexico's official history has always maintained that Zapata fought for a socialist revolution. He did not. Zapata was many things -- a womanizer, a drinker, an occasional bandit. Some of his ideas were muddled, but he was no socialist. As the son of small-property owners -- they lived in an adobe house whose ruins I visited in Anenecuilco -- Zapata genuinely wanted his people to own their land. He mistrusted the state: He even refused to sit in the presidential chair when, in 1914, he and Pancho Villa entered Mexico City, seemingly on the verge of total victory in their revolution.

There is an ironic little coda to the story of the grandson, the landless Zapatista: A few years ago, some of his children tried to enter the United States in search of a better future -- a topic Emiliano was reluctant to discuss. . . .

Read the complete commentary here.

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